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Delivering the Science
and the Art of Health Promotion |
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Robert F. Allen
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| Michael P. O'Donnell | iv | Editor’s Notes:
The Next Stage of Evolution of Workplace Wellness: A World Economic Forum/World Health Organization Collaboration |
| 151 | Call for Conference Proposals | |
| THE SCIENCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION | ||
| Interventions | ||
| Fitness | ||
| Steriani Elavsky Edward McAuley |
83 | Exercise and Self-Esteem in
Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Involving Walking and Yoga The study examined the effects of walking and yoga on multidimensional self-esteem and roles played by self-efficacy, body composition, and physical activity in changes in esteem in 164 previously low-active middle-aged women as part of a 4-month randomized controlled exercise trial with three arms: walking, yoga, control. Results indicated support for the effects of physical activity, self-efficacy, and body fat on physical self-worth and global esteem being mediated by sub-domain esteem. Over time, only changes in physical condition and body attractiveness subdomain esteem variables mediated the effects of self-efficacy, physical activity, and body fat on physical self-worth and global self-esteem. Women reporting greater levels of self-efficacy, PA, and with lower body fat, also reported greater enhancements in subdomain esteem. These results provide support for the hierarchical and multidimensional nature of self-esteem and indicate that middle-aged women may enhance certain aspects of physical self-esteem by participating in physical activity. |
| Smoking Control | ||
| Susan I. Woodruff Terry L. Conway John P. Elder Melbourne F. Hovell |
93 | Pilot Study Using Hair Nicotine
Feedback to Reduce Latino Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
Exposure Fifty Spanish-speaking parent-child pairs participated in a pilot study to assess the usability and impact of a feedback-based ETS-reduction intervention for Latino families. The results of this pilot test suggest that a brief promotora-delivered intervention emphasizing feedback about children’s hair nicotine level was feasible, well-received, and associated with significant changes in Latino children’s ETS exposure. Although parents liked all three versions of feedback presentation, a graph comparing the child’s hair nicotine level to other exposed and non-exposed groups was the preferred format. |
| Applications | ||
| Health Promoting Community Design | ||
| Irene H. Yen Teresa Scherzer Catherine Cubbin Alma Gonzalez Marilyn A. Winkleby |
98 | Women's Perceptions of
Neighborhood Resources and Hazards Related to Diet, Physical Activity, and
Smoking: Focus Group Results From Economically Distinct Neighborhoods in a
Mid-Sized US City This study investigates women’s perceptions of neighborhood resources and hazards associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, and cigarette smoking. In eight focus groups, women identified food stores, parks, recreation areas, and schools as key resources in their neighborhoods. They identified fast food restaurants, convenience stores, violent crime, gangs, and drug-associated issues as “hazards.” Distinctions between resources and hazards were not always clear-cut. For example, parks were sometimes considered dangerous; fast food restaurants were sometimes considered a convenient and inexpensive way to feed one’s family. |
| Jo Salmon Louisa Salmon David A Crawford Clare Hume Anna Timperio |
107 | Associations Among Individual,
Social and Environmental Barriers and Children's Walking or Cycling to
School Parents (n = 720) of 4-13 year olds in eight capital cities of Australia participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview regarding their perceptions of individual, social and environmental barriers to their child’s commuting actively to school. Many parents (45-60%) reported such barriers to their child’s active commuting. A major finding was that parents reported similar barriers to their child’s walking or bicycling to school, regardless of whether the family lived within walking distance to school. Nonetheless, 50% of children were driven to or from school by car, even though they lived with walking distance of school. |
| Oliver J. Webb Frank F. Eves |
114 | Promoting Stair Climbing:
Intervention Effects Generalize to a Subsequent Stair Ascent Using an interrupted time-series design, this study examined whether exposure to point-of-choice prompts also encourages individuals to climb the next set of stairs that they encounter. Two weeks of baseline monitoring were followed by a 13-week intervention in which banners carrying health promotion messages were introduced at the intervention site only. Using two separate stair/escalator pairings within a UK shopping mall (the “intervention” site and the “generalization” site), separated by a 25m-long attrium, reserachers observed ascending pedestrians (intervention site n=29,713; generalization site n=47,553). Banners increased stair climbing at the intervention site by 161%. A simultaneous increase of up to 143% was observed at the generalization site, where no prompt was in place. At both sites stair use remained significantly elevated five weeks after the banners were removed. It appears that exposure to point-of-choice prompts can encourage pedestrians to climb stairs when encountered in a subsequent setting. |
| Research Methods | ||
| Financial Analysis | ||
| Timothy M. Dall Yiduo Zhang Yaozhu J. Chen Rachel C. Askarinam Wagner Paul F. Hogan Nancy K. Fagan Samuel T. Olaiya David N. Tornberg |
120 | Cost Associated with Overweight
and Obesity, High Alcohol Consumption, and Tobacco Use within the Military
Health System’s TRICARE Prime Enrolled Population Medical costs associated with overweight, high alcohol consumption, and tobacco use among the 4.3 million beneficiaries of the United States Military TRICARE Prime health plan during 2006 were estimated by combining information from Department of Defense and civilian surveys on health risks, medical claims data and the epidemiology literature. This population included active duty personnel and their dependents, and retirees and their dependents, all under 65 years of age. Of the $12.8 billion total TRICARE budget spent on medical care, $2.1 billion, or 16%, is estimated to be associated with these three risk factors. Indirect costs are estimated to cost an addition $965 million. Overweight and obesity contributes an estimated $1.1 billion, tobacco use $591 million, and high alcohol consumption $425 million. |
| Measurement Issues | ||
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Leanne M. Mauriello Joseph S. Rossi Joseph L. Fava Colleen A. Redding Mark Robbins James O. Prochaska Kathryn S. Meier |
140 | Assessment of the Pros and Cons
of Stress Management Among Adolescents: Development and Validation of a
Decisional Balance Measure Even though teenagers report feeling “very stressed,” they are not generally encouraged to practice stress management. These researchers developed a decisional balance measure based on Transtheoretical Model constructs. Using a split-half, cross-validation procedure, a reliable 8-item instrument was developed that measured the pros and cons of practicing stress management among 317 ninth and tenth graders. The instrument had good internal consistency and a consistent factor structure. Nearly half of the sample (46%) reported not spending any time practicing stress management, and girls were more likely than boys to recognize the benefits of and practice stress management. |
| Abstracts | 144 | 5 abstracts are featured from a variety of publications. |
| DataBase: Research and Evaluation Results | 146 | Four new studies are critiqued and added to the DataBase chart. |
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The Art of Health Promotion |
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| John E. Riedel | 1 | Using a Health and Productivity
Dashboard: A Case Example Health and productivity management is complicated and requires some strategies that help simplify the endeavor for employers. The use of a “dashboard” concept implies that raw information about employee health can be arranged in ways that help decision-makers better understand the scope and magnitude of health issues within their work force. In this edition of the Art we look at a case study of the use of a health and productivity dashboard within an employer organization. As health promotion professionals that work in worksite settings struggle with portraying the economic importance of worker health, a health and productivity dashboard (HPD) may provide a very real strategic advantage. |
| 10 | Selected Abstracts Abstracts are provided for five (5) articles that are related to the design and use of health and productivity dashboards. |
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| Larry S. Chapman | 12 | Closing Thoughts Editorial comments on the use and the future of health and productivity dashboards are provided. |
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American Journal of Health Promotion | 248-682-0707 |
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